What Is Physical Therapy?
Physical therapy uses a combination of exercises designed to increase the body’s functioning. This includes helping patients improve how they do basic activities such as standing, walking, and lifting. The goal is to build up strength, flexibility, range of motion, and stamina so that completing daily tasks without help becomes easier.
What Conditions Can Physical Therapy Help With?
Although the individual patient’s doctor is the best person to assess the benefits of physical therapy, the practice has been known to help conditions such as:
- Injuries from falls, including bone breaks and fractures
- Osteoarthritis
- Generalized weakness
- Pain
- Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease
- Stroke (recovery)
- Incontinence
- Multiple sclerosis
Types of Physical Therapy
As we mentioned, physical therapy is a combination of exercises, and is rarely limited to only one type of exercise. Here are a few different styles that are often used:
- Manual therapy. This when the physical therapist uses his or her hands to reduce pain and swelling while increasing flexibility. It can include massage, which has the added benefit of improving circulation. “Mobilization” is another option, and involves slow movements that shift and pull tight joints and tissues. “Manipulation,” on the other hand, is where faster, more rigorous movements are used to achieve similar goals.
- Cold therapy. This is another good way to decrease pain, swelling, and inflammation. Cold therapy includes using ice packs on the affected area(s) in 15 – 20-minute sessions, massaging with ice, and the RICE method (Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation).
- Heat therapy. In addition to massage, this is another great way to improve circulation, as well as loosen stiff joints and muscles. Hot cloths, hot water, and heating pads are often used before beginning strenuous forms of exercise.
These different types of physical therapy have many applications to a range of real-life health scenarios. With stroke patients, for instance, constraint-induced movement therapy is often used. This is when a patient is required to use the weaker side of their body to accomplish tasks. The “good” or unaffected side is restrained in order to prevent the patient from automatically using or favoring that side. With victims of Parkinson’s disease, patients perform exercises to improve trunk flexibility. This helps avoid the stiff trunk that is one of the hallmarks of the condition.
Other kinds of physical therapy include electrical stimulation1 and ultrasounds. Regardless of the modality used, a good physical therapist makes sure their patients know how to perform rehearsed tasks safely at home. The patient is educated about ways to prevent injury, maintain their present functioning, and perform any home exercises assigned to them.
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